Monday, January 9, 2012

Single-Mode Step-Index Glass | Fiber-Optic Cables



single-mode glass fiber core is very narrow (usually around 8.3 microns) and made of a core of silica glass (SiO2) with a small amount of Germania glass (GeO2) to increase the index of refraction relative to the all-silica cladding. To keep the cable size manageable, the cladding for a single-mode glass core is usually about 15 times the size of the core (around 125 microns). Single-mode fibers systems are expensive, but because of the lack of attenuation (less than 0.35dB per kilometer), very high speeds are possible over very long distances. Figure 1 shows a single-mode glass-fiber core. The latest class of single-mode fibers have very low loss at the 1385nm (water peak) region and are insensitive to bending. These are known as ITU-T G.652D and G.657, respectively.

 
Figure 1: An example of a single-mode glass-fiber core

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